During his reign the city began to prosper. He was a successful warrior, and as a king he was able to join the twelve cities of Ionia together into the Ionian League. Androklos drove away most of the native Carian and Lelegian inhabitants of the city and united his people with the remainder. According to the legend, he founded Ephesus on the place where the oracle of Delphi became reality ("A fish and a boar will show you the way"). The mythical founder of the city was a prince of Athens named Androklos, who had to leave his country after the death of his father, King Kodros. Site of the Temple of Artemis in the town of Selçuk, near Ephesus.Įphesus was founded as an Attic-Ionian colony in the 10th century BC on a hill (now known as the Ayasuluk Hill), three kilometers (1.9 miles) from the centre of ancient Ephesus (as attested by excavations at the Seljuk castle during the 1990s). The names Apasa and Ephesus appear to be cognate, and recently found inscriptions seem to pinpoint the places in the Hittite record. This was the period of the Mycenaean expansion, when the Achaioi (as they were called by Homer) began settling in Asia Minor, a process that continued into the 13th century BC. In 1954, a burial ground from the Mycenaean era (1500–1400 BC), which contained ceramic pots, was discovered close to the ruins of the basilica of St. According to Hittite sources, the capital of the kingdom of Arzawa (another independent state in Western and Southern Anatolia/Asia Minor ) was Apasa (or Abasa), and some scholars suggest that this is the same place the Greeks later called Ephesus. Bronze Age Įxcavations in recent years have unearthed settlements from the early Bronze Age at Ayasuluk Hill. Humans had begun inhabiting the area surrounding Ephesus by the Neolithic Age (about 6000 BC), as shown by evidence from excavations at the nearby höyük (artificial mounds known as tells) of Arvalya and Cukurici. 1.7 Classical Roman period (129 BC–395 AD).In 2015, the ruins were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, the ruins of Ephesus are a favourite international and local tourist attraction, being accessible from Adnan Menderes Airport and from the resort town Kuşadası. In 614, it was partially destroyed by an earthquake. Although it was afterwards rebuilt, its importance as a commercial centre declined as the harbour was slowly silted up by the Küçükmenderes River. The city was destroyed by the Goths in 263. Įphesus was also one of the seven churches of Asia cited in the Book of Revelation the Gospel of John may have been written there and it was the site of several 5th-century Christian Councils (see Council of Ephesus). Its many monumental buildings included the Library of Celsus and a theatre capable of holding 24,000 spectators. The city was famous in its day for the nearby Temple of Artemis (completed around 550 BC), which has been designated one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The city came under the control of the Roman Republic in 129 BC. During the Classical Greek era, it was one of twelve cities that were members of the Ionian League. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of the former Arzawan capital by Attic and Ionian Greek colonists. Ephesus ( / ˈ ɛ f ɪ s ə s, ˈ ɛ f ə s ə s/ Greek: Ἔφεσος, romanized: Éphesos Turkish: Efes may ultimately derive from Hittite: 𒀀𒉺𒊭, romanized: Apaša) was a city in ancient Greece on the coast of Ionia, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey.
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